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- Bandhavgarh National Park and Tiger Reserve Travel Guide
Wildlife Bandhavgarh National Park is located in Madhya Pradesh and is home to exotics wildlife including Asiatic Jackal, Barking Deer, Sloth Bear, Red-Faced Monkey, and Striped Hyena. However, the Royal Bengal tiger is the main attraction of Bandhavgarh National Park. Bandhavgarh National Park provides its visitors with a unique experience to catch a glimpse of these majestic animals and enjoy the beauty of nature. The overall ambience of Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve is captivating, with the ruins of the ancient fort and archaeological remains from the Kachin period. There are also countless prehistoric caves scattered throughout the park, providing a great tourist experience. Bandhavgarh National Park Wildlife Tiger Safari Zones of Bandhavgarh Safari Planning & Reservations Popular Tourist Attractions of Bandhavgarh Best Time to Visit Bandhavgarh How to Reach Bandhavgarh Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve was designated a national park in the year 1968. It was named after the historic fort of Bandhavgarh, where "Bandhav" means "brother" and "Garh" means "fort." The Bandhavgarh National Park was then extended across the Umaria and Katni forest divisions. Due to the important need to save the tiger population, it was designated a tiger reserve in the year 1993. With its present area coverage of 1536 square kilometres, this tiger reserve is located in the Umaria district of Madhya Pradesh. It is situated between the enchanting Vindhya and Satpura mountain ranges and features a fantastic blend of deciduous forests, flat green grasslands, lush green valleys, and rocky hillsides. Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve was and continues to be a popular destination for tiger enthusiasts due to its high density of Bengal Tigers. The area has around 60 to 70 Bengal Tigers which increases the chance of seeing these magnificent animals. The park is also known as "White Tiger Country," as the first sighting of a white tiger was made here. Maharaja Martand Singh caught the first white tiger named "Mohan" back in 1951 when this forested area of Bandhavgarh used to be the 'Shikargarh' or game reserve for the rulers of Rewa. The stuffed body of this very white tiger displayed in the Baghel museum is one of the most prominent attractions in this park and plays an important role in portraying the region's history. The Maharaja also contributed to the effective breeding of white tigers in Rewa by importing the cubs to other regions of the world. Thus, all white tigers living in the world today are the descendants of Mohan, and their roots can be traced back to the Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve. Image by Udara Karunarathna, Unsplash Wildlife of Bandhavgarh It is home to a variety of deer species, including the Sambar deer, the largest deer in Asia. Chital, also called the Axis Deer. Barking deer etc. Apart from these, wildlife researchers from all over the world come to the park also to sight many more prominent herbivorous and carnivorous mammals such as the Asiatic Jackal, Bengal Fox, Blue Bulls (Nilgai or Rojda), Caracal, Chausingha, Chinkara, Common Langur, Dhole, Black Buck (Four-horned Antelope), Gaur, Gray Mongoose, Jungle Cat, Lesser Bandicoot Rat, Palm Squirrel, Pangolin, Porcupine, Ratel, Rhesus Macaque, Striped Hyena, the small Indian Civet Cats, Wild Pigs, and many more. Among the omnivorous animals, there's the Sloth Bear, Wild Boar etc. They primarily come to the plains or downhill to eat grass and drink water. Due to the small population of Indian Bison or Gaur, around 50 of them were shifted from Kanha to this Bandhavgarh Wildlife Sanctuary. Common Vine Snake, Fan-Throated Lizard, Forest Lizard, Indian Python, Krait, Monitor Lizard, Olivaceous Keelback, Oriental Garden Lizard, Ratsnake, Russels' Viper, Skink, Spectacled Cobra, and Striped Keelback are among the reptiles seen here. Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve is also very popular among bird enthusiasts as it has around 250 exotic species of birds, in 53 families, with approx 138 residents, 86 migrant birds, and 26 local migrants. Some of the prominent species are Alexandrine Parakeet, Asian Koe, Asian Paradise Flycatcher, Black Bittern, Black Kite, Black Iblis, Brown-headed Barbet, Brown Fish Owl, Common Myna, Common Peafowl, Darter, Eurasian Collared-Dove, Great Cormorant, Greater Racketail Drongo, Green-headed Barbet, Hawk-Cuckoo, Indian Gray Hornbill, Indian Pond Heron, Indian Roller, Northern Pintail, Orange-headed Thrush, Oriental Turtle-Dove, Open-Bill Stork, Pied Harrier, Pied Kingfisher, Purple Heron, Lesser Adjutant Stork, Little Grebe, Racket-tailed Drongo, Red Wattled Lapwing, Red Jungle Fowl, Shikra, White Breasted Kingfisher, etc. All of them help to disperse seeds, pollinate flowers, and control the populations of insects and pests. Predatory birds, or raptors, can also be seen in this tiger reserve park, including the Bonelli's Eagles, Brown Fish Owl, Crested Serpent Eagles, Grey-headed Fish Eagle, Hen Harrier, Indian Vulture, Jungle Owlet, Shaheen falcon, Shikra, Marsh Harriers, and White-eyed Buzzard. Around 70 to 80 butterflies can be seen clustering around the beautiful, fertile green grasslands encompassing over 515 flora species. Among them, the floral species that are most popular in the Bandhavgarh area include Amla, Arjun, Babul, Bamboo, Banyan, Ber, Boswelia, Chila or Dhak, Dhok, Dhaora, Dhauda, Dhaman, Frankincense tree, Gamar, Haldu, Jamun, Kadam, Khajur, Khair, Kalasiris, Kusum, Lagerstroemia, Madhuca, Mango, Palas, Pterocarpus, etc. The Amla, Ficus, and Jamun trees provide nourishment to herbivores and birds living in the forest. The Bhirra, Khameer, Sal, and Salai trees grow among the dense foliage. Due to the obvious hot tropical climate in Madhya Pradesh, the Rajun, Saja, and Tendu trees can be found all over the Vindhyan Hill Range. Image by Amit Jain, Unsplash Bandhavgarh National Park & Tiger Reserve Safari Zones The jungle area of Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve is divided into two main sections, the Core Area and the Buffer Zone. The park is further divided into six zones, where the core zones are Khitauli, Maghadhi, and Tala, while the buffer zones are Damokhar, Johila, and Panpatha. The core zone is the most essential part of the wildlife reserve and is bordered by the buffer zone. Tourists are permitted in only a small segment of it. The three tourist zones under the core zone are Tala (Gate-1), Maghadhi (Gate-2), and Khitauli (Gate-3). Tala Zone of Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve Tala is the oldest and most diverse zone in terms of wildlife species, with tigers dominating. It is home to the well-known Bandhavgarh Fort, the 10th-century Bari Gufa cave, and the Shesh Shaiya, a highly regarded 10th-century statue of Vishnu. The Charan Ganga river is believed to originate from near this statue and runs through the park. This zone contains the well-known Chakradhara and Rajbhera meadows, where many notable tiger documentaries have been filmed, such as The Hunt and Dynasties. The Tala zone is distinguished by its gigantic sal forests, grasslands, and hillocks. Maghadhi Zone of Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve The Maghadhi zone is a dense mixed forest and grassland area that has recently emerged as the best spot in Bandhavgarh for tiger sightings. It has a variety of natural and man-made water points, including Charkpwaha, Dabhadhole, Murdhawa, and Sukhi Patiha. Khitauli Zone of Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve The Khitauli zone is more of a dry deciduous forest. Other than being a popular location for tiger sightings, it is also a place to see chinkara, four-horned antelope, and nilgai. A flock of migrant wild elephants also moved into this zone around a year ago and have made it their abode. Image by Vatsal Parekh, Unsplash Buffer Zone of Bandhavgarh National Park The buffer zone is open to tourists all year. The buffer zone is the area that buffers the core areas and aids in the spreading or migrating of wild animals. These are multi-purpose zones in which human settlement and other events or activities are restricted. The three tourist zones under the buffer zone are the Pachpedi or Panpatha Zone (Gate-4), Dhamokhar Zone (Gate-5), and Johila (Gate-6). Pachpedi or Panpatha Zone of Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve The entrance of Pachpedi or Panpatha buffer zone is close to Pachpedi village. The area is an extension of the Khitauli zone. It is 25 kilometres from Tala village, and the forest is covered with deciduous trees and bamboo. Blue bulls, Chinkara, four-horned antelope, and even wild dogs are popular attractions in this area. A stream surrounded by Arjun trees serves as an ideal spot for tourists to have breakfast or lunch. Dhamokhar Zone of Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve The entrance of the Dhamokhar buffer is between Mahaman and Parasi village. The area is an addition to the Magadhi zone and the Tala village is 14 kilometers away from it. It includes the areas of Badawar, Jamunia, Jhanjh, Kadewaha, Kalwadhaar, Kehrawah, Madehavah, and Mudgudi. This zone contains Mudgudi Dam, a few natural caves in Kadewaha, Sehimaada grassland, and other areas perfect for spotting wild flora and fauna. Johila Zone of Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve The entrance to the Johila buffer zone is close to Chechpur village, on the way to Manpur-Shahdol. It is an addition to the Tala zone and is 35 kilometres from the Tala village. The zone gets its name after the Johila Waterfall, which flows from Amarkantak to the Son River. Other spots in this buffer zone include Badia Ghaat, Chindia Ghaat, Kuthulia Waterfall, Zurnar Ghaat, and others. Bandhavgarh National Park & Tiger Reserve Wildlife Safari Types Tourists could choose from four wildlife safari options: Jeep Safari, Canter Safari, Elephant Safari, Walk Safari, and Hot-Air Balloon Safari. Permits for these zones are available both offline and online on the park's website. Jeep Safari A Jeep safari is one of the best ways to explore Bandhavgarh National Park's mesmerizing wilderness. The park is open twice a day for tourists, i.e., in the mornings and evenings. In most cases, 4WD gipsies are used in jungle safaris. A total of six people could very well ride in a jeep with a tour guide. The Full-Day Jeep Safari, on the other hand, allows you to book the whole jeep for yourself, accompanied by your guide and a driver. The jeep will enter 15-20 minutes before other safari vehicles. You'll return 15 minutes after the rest of the safari vehicles have left. For the issuing of a full-day jeep safari, you must receive approval, together with a demand draft for a security deposit, from the Field Director of Bandhavgarh National Park 7 to 10 days in advance Canter Safari Canter vehicles are an inexpensive option for tourists to go on a Bandhavgarh Wildlife Safari. This particular Canter Safari is managed by the Madhya Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation. It takes place in a minibus with a capacity of 12 individuals. It is open to tourists on an unreserved "first come, first served" basis. The Canter safaris are permitted in the Khitauli, Magadhi, and Tala Zones. Elephant Safari The Elephant safari is yet another exciting way to explore wildlife at Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve. However, this safari is often not open and must be booked in advance online. Walk Safari Bandhavgarh National Park's Buffer Zone also offers guided walk safaris with a tour by a forest official or naturalist. It is best suited for those tourists who want to get a close look at nature. Hot-Air Balloon Safari Bandhavgarh National Park is the first in India to offer a 'Hot Air Balloon Safari' for visitors. Tourists will now be able to enjoy a thrilling aerial view of the restricted areas of the core zone and buffer zone and discover the hidden beauties of the Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve. Image by Sam Power, Unsplash Wildlife Safari Planning & Reservation Private vehicles are not permitted inside the park. So the Jungle Safari is conducted only with registered vehicles by the administration of the Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve. It is always a good idea to book safaris ahead of time, especially on weekends. The safari timings for winter are in two shifts: the morning shift is 6:00 to 11:00 am (5 hours) and the afternoon shift is from 3:00 to 6:00 pm (3 hours). Similarly, the safari timings for summers are also in two shifts: the morning shift is from 5:30 to 10:30 am (5 hours) and the afternoon shift is from 3:30 to 6:30 pm (3 hours). On Wednesdays, the afternoon shift of Jeep safari in Bandhavgarh is closed to tourists. Morning and afternoon shifts stay closed during the Holi festival in March. Every tourist's full name, age, gender, and nationality, as well as their identity proof such as a passport, driving license, PAN card, or voter I.D. card, must be provided for safari reservations. When visiting the national park, tourists must bring the same ID proof in original form. Wildlife Safari Travel Advice Summer temperatures in Bandhavgarh can reach 45° Celsius, while winter temperatures can reach 2° Celsius. So, tourists must dress appropriately for the season. Tourists are advised to dress in dark colours, particularly dark browns, greys, and greens, which do not draw the attention of wild animals. Otherwise, you can also wear neutral (khaki, green, or brown) coloured clothing, preferably very light cotton in summer, and a warm jacket, sweater, fleece, gloves, and warm cap for winter. A windbreaker or windcheater can be worn during weather with chill winds or light rain. Aside from proper attire, some essential items can enhance your safari experience. Insect repellent, sunscreen, sunglasses, a Safari hat, a cap, and water bottles are all items that can be brought along. To defend yourself from heat and dust, wear a stole, buff, or scarf. Boots or closed shoes are also recommended. Don't forget to bring binoculars to watch animals and birds from afar without bothering them. Tourists must know that smartphones and radios are not permitted within the park. Key Tourist Attractions of Bandhavgarh National Park The Best Tourist Attractions or Spots in Bandhavgarh are as follows. Image by Vatsal Parekh, Unsplash Bandhavgarh Fort of Bandhavgarh National Park The 10th-century Bandhavgarh Fort is among India's most ancient forts. It was also called "Moti Mahal" when it was under the Bahela Rajputs. Since it is unoccupied now, the fort occasionally houses tiger cubs and a tigress. Multiple caves in the fort are adorned with scripts and paintings. In addition, there is a 35-foot-tall statue of Lord Vishnu. A trip to this fort is really exciting and provides a lot of information about the history of Bandhavgarh. Baghel Museum of Bandhavgarh National Park The Baghel museum is essentially a royal treasure trove containing all of the personal possessions of the Maharaja of Rewa that are showcased for tourists to experience both the royal history and wildlife of Bandhavgarh. The museum also houses some of the Maharajas' old hunting tools, as well as some military equipment. However, the stuffed body of the very first white tiger spotted in Bandhavgarh by the Maharaja of Rewa is the main attraction here. Bandhavgarh Hill of Bandhavgarh National Park Bandhavgarh Hill is the highest point in the Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve, rising 807 meters above sea level. This hill range is made up of sandstone. Many streams and springs flow from this hill. Climbers Point of Bandhavgarh National Park Climbers Point, which is located 13,005 feet above sea level, is a scenic place atop the hill in the Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve. From this point, you can enjoy an aerial view of the whole park, full of bamboo and sal trees. This location is also enveloped by some unique dense shrub species such as Bauhinia Vahlii, Butea Superba, etc. Cheshpur Waterfalls of Bandhavgarh National Park Cheshpur Waterfalls is a fresh waterfall on the River Johila located 50 kilometres from Bandhavgarh and is also a popular picnic spot for tourists. For nature lovers, this soothingly attractive sight for spotting birds and taking pictures. Village Tala of Bandhavgarh National Park Tala Village is the chief entry point to the Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve. It is made up of many mud houses that are surrounded by natural landscapes. The village is also the lowest point of the tiger reserve park and has many resorts, inns, and souvenir shops that attract visitors. Image by Aniket Bhattacharya, Unsplash Shesh Shaiya Shesh Shaiya is famous for its 65-foot-tall statue of Lord Vishnu sleeping on the seven-hooded snake "Shesh Naag". The old statue, situated close to a green pool, is thought to be the source of the Charanganga River. Residents in Bandhavgarh consider the waters to be sacred. With ample fruit-bearing trees filling the place, Shesh Shaiya is an excellent location for viewing birds such as the Malabar pied hornbill. Bari Gufa The Bari Gufa, which translates as "The Giant Cave," is a primitive monument in Indian history. The Bari Gufa is thought to be the reserve's largest man-made cave, dating back to the 10th century. The Ancient Caves of Bandhavgarh There are 39 exquisite caves which are located approximately 5 kilometres from the Bandhavgarh fort. They date back to the first century AD. Tourists enjoy observing the engraved animals in these caves, such as elephants and tigers. The possible explanation for the construction of these caves is unknown. However, many archaeologists believe that the caves were used for strategic reasons by armies in ancient times. The Temple of Jwalamukhi The 10th-century Jwalamukhi Temple, dedicated to Goddess Jwalamukhi, is the most visited in Madhya Pradesh. It is situated by the River Charan Ganga. The temple is a religious gathering place for those who wish to pay their respects to the deity. The Fossil National Park Another tourist attraction is the Fossil National Park, which is about 110 kilometres from Bandhavgarh. The park, as the name implies, brings all of its plants in their fossil form that existed in India between 40 and 150 million years ago. Popular plant fossil collections include palms, gymnosperms, angiosperms (monocotyledons), and bryophytes. Image by Sam Power, Unsplash Best Time to Visit Bandhavgarh National Park & Tiger Reserve From October to June, the Bandhavgarh wildlife tiger reserve is open to tourists. However, the ideal time to visit this park is between November and March. The summer season in Madhya Pradesh begins in March and lasts until June. Due to the overall scorching heat and humidity, the vegetation is dry and wild animals go to water holes to quench their thirst. These are great spots to see animals, including tigers. However, throughout these months. The state's temperature ranges from 32 to 44 °C. Tourists must also exercise caution when travelling with children at such times. In Madhya Pradesh, the monsoon season begins in July. Like most national parks in India, Bandhavgarh is closed during these times of the year and ends in September. Winter is also an ideal time to visit Bandhavgarh. Many tourists, however, prefer to visit between November and March, when the landscape is lush after the monsoon and temperatures range from 2 to 25 degrees Celsius. Also, many migratory birds fly into this park, which visiting bird lovers can spot on their safari. Tourists should dress warmly in December and January, particularly when going on the open-sided jeep drives. Image by Aniket Bhattacharya, Unsplash Bandhavgarh National Park & Tiger Reserve Travel Directions Bandhavgarh National Park is located approximately 4.5 hours (200 kilometres) from the closest major city, Jabalpur. The details on how to reach the Bandhavgarh National Park & Tiger Reserve are listed below. By Road Bandhavgarh has excellent road access to major Indian cities. The SH11, SH22, and NH43 connect towns and cities including Jabalpur, Katni, Khajuraho, and Umaria. By Air Jabalpur, the city closest to Bandhavgarh, has proper air connectivity with major Indian cities like Bangalore, Delhi, Hyderabad, Indore Mumbai, Kolkata, and Pune. Private planes can land near Bandhavgarh National Park, and the Umaria district has a small airstrip for charter planes. By Train The closest railway station to Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve is the Umaria Train Station, on the South-Eastern Railway, which is 35 kilometres away. Other nearby train stations include Jabalpur (164 kilometres), Katni (102 kilometres), and Satna (120 kilometres) on the Central Railway. To get to your final destination, the Bandhavgarh National Park, you can easily take a cab or taxi from the station.
- Keoladeo National Park and Bird Sanctuary Travel Guide
Wildlife Image by: Vaibhav Raina, Unsplash From being a game reserve to an avifauna sanctuary, the Keoladeo National Park is a popular must-visit tourist destination for birdwatching in India. Naturalists and ornithologists visit this wildlife reserve to collect data on threatened migratory birds. This world heritage site is also rich in other flora and fauna species, which visitors can spot during the unique safari treks offered by this bird sanctuary. Tourists Attractions of Keoladeo National Park Planning & Reservation of Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary Ghana Keoladeo National Park Travel Guide Best Time To Visit Keoladeo National Park How To Get Keoladeo National Park The Keoladeo National Park is an 11 square mile (29 square kilometres) artificial forested establishment in the Bharatpur district of eastern Rajasthan. It was built 250 years ago and is named after the Keoladeo temple, a temple dedicated to Lord Shiva which lies in the central area of the park. Since the 1850s, it has been the Maharaja of Bharatpur's private game reserve for ducks or waterfowl. It gained international importance in October 1981 when it was designated as a RAMSAR site. This was done to recognize the cultural, economic, ecological, recreational, and scientific value of these wetlands to conserve and utilize their resources sustainably. On March 10th, 1982, it was finally considered a National Park of India, and later on, UNESCO declared it a World Heritage site due to its diverse biodiversity and preservable environment in the year 1985. Image by: Prateek Katyal, Unsplash The locals of the park also referred to the place as "Ghana" meaning dense or thick, indicating the thick woodlands and woodland swamps that cover the park region. This Bharatpur bird sanctuary is a tropical dry deciduous forest where most of the forest has dried up due to scarcity of water. The highlands have dry grasslands (savannas) of tall grass species. Other than that, the majority of the land is covered with sparse medium-sized trees and shrubs of varying proportions. There are many trees like Babool, Jamun, and Kadam found on the northern and eastern sides of the Keoladeo National Park. There is an artificial dam or embarkment, called Ajan Bund, built by Maharaja Suraj Mal, the ruler of the princely state of Bharatpur. It is seen at the intersection of two rivers, the Banganga (North) and the Gambhir (South). The rest of the marsh area is kept in check by artificial irrigation. This Bharatpur wetland bird sanctuary is divided into 10 units by dykes, with each unit's water level being controlled by a sluice gate system. The open-marsh scrubland area is occupied with vegetation such as Kandi, Kerr, and Plum. The aquatic vegetation of this Ghana bird sanctuary helps quench the thirst of the waterfowl migrating here. There's also a wood plant called Pilu spotted in the areas with salty soil. With more than 370 diverse species of birds, the Keoladeo National Park is an IBA (Important Bird Area). This involves a variety of aquatic birds that migrate to India during the winter from Afghanistan, China, Siberia, and Turkmenistan. Bird watchers and professional photographers can easily watch and click pictures of them from three watchtowers built inside this bird sanctuary of Bharatpur. Image by: Balaji Srinivasan, Unsplash The most popular is the large breeding of rare and endangered Siberian White Cranes or Snow Cranes, which take an approximately 5000-mile journey to fly into the grounds of this Ghana Bird Sanctuary during the winter season. The project aimed at freeing the captivity-bred cranes into the forest. They also aimed to trace common crane migration patterns and increase the native crane numbers in the park. The tallest flight bird, the gracious pale grey Sarus crane, with red bare skin from head to neck and pink legs, is also occasionally spotted in this Bharatpur bird sanctuary performing its delightful courtship dance. Herds of small grey-coloured Demoiselle Cranes with black necks and white plumes extending from behind their fiery eyes are also well-preserved in this natural habitat. Common parakeets, a feathery long-tailed species of parrots, are also seen in the Ghana Keoladeo National Park. If lucky, tourists may also see a pair of rose-ringed parakeets. There are many breeding species of heronry birds like cormorants, darters, egrets, ibises, spoonbills, storks, and, of course, herons. The endangered Painted Stork, with its long-pointed beak, is also seen in this Ghana Bharatpur bird sanctuary looking for food. Among popular duck species, there is the Ruddy Shellduck, comb duck (American comb duck), tufted duck (tufted pochard), lesser whistling duck (a.k.a. Indian whistling duck or lesser whistling teal), and Eurasian teal (Anas crecca, common teal, or Eurasian green-winged teal). Babblers, bee-eaters, bulbuls, buntings, chats, warblers, Indian Grey Hornbill, Marshall's Iora, Painted francolins, and quails are among the migratory birds that can be seen throughout the year. Osprey, Peregrine falcon, crested serpent eagle, Imperial eagle, Pallas' sea eagle, short-toed eagle, tawny eagle, and spotted eagle are among the raptors. The large bird of prey, the Greater Spotted Eagle, has only recently begun breeding in this Ghana bird sanctuary, setting a new record for migratory bird breeding in India. Other birds include a variety of buntings, coots, larks, pipits, flycatchers, pelicans, geese, gadwall, hawks, rails, shanks, shovelers, stints, wagtails, warblers, wheatears, and so on. All of these as a whole automatically make the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary an appealing destination for birding in India. In addition to these birds, the Keoladeo National Park is home to around fifty species of fish, thirteen species of snakes, five species of lizards, seven amphibian species, seven turtle species, and a diverse range of other animals. It is home to 27 different mammal species, including Nilgai, Chittal Deer, Sambhar, Wild Boars, Black Bucks, and Hare. There are two mongoose species, Small Indian mongoose and Indian Gray mongoose found inside this bird sanctuary. The Jungle cats and fishing cats are among the cat species. Tourists will also be able to see Asian palm civets and small Indian Image by: Balaji Srinivasan, Unsplash civets. The wetlands of the Bharatpur National Park are a habitat for the bullfrog and the skipper frog. On a bright winter day, it is common to see a python emerge from this hole in the ground and bask in the sun. The common bi-coloured leaf-nosed bat, Indian porcupine, and monitor lizard have all been spotted in the python's burrow. The Ghana Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary's poisonous snakes include the krait, cobra, and Russell's viper. Among the park's small predatory animals are the smooth-coated otter, golden jackals, striped hyenas, and Bengal fox. There are numerous species of rats, gerbils, and bats. The Hanuman Langur and the Rhesus Macaque are two primates. This park is devoid of large carnivorous animals like the leopard, leopard cat, Indian fox, smooth-coated otter, and tiger. A boundary wall runs along the edges of the Keoladeo Ghana National Park, limiting human activities or settlements. On the outside, it is surrounded by 15 villages. Unlike other popular national parks in India, the Keoladeo National Park and Bird Sanctuary has no buffer zone. Cattle grazing is prohibited within Ghana National Park. Famous Tourists Attractions of The Keoladeo National Park & Bird Sanctuary Lohagarh Fort The Lohagarh Fort, also known as the Iron Fort, was established in the 18th century by the Jat ruler Maharaja Suraj Mal. It is among Rajasthan's architectural marvels and is regarded as one of the greatest forts ever constructed in Indian history. It used to be known as the Lohagarh Fort or Iron Fort. The fort has two gates: Ashtdhaatu to the north and Chowburja to the south. There are three palaces in the fort: Mahal Khas, Purana Mahal, and Kamra Palace or Mahal. The Kamra Mahal at present serves as the State Archaeological Museum. Deeg Palace: Deeg Palace was constructed by Maharaja Suraj Mal, the renowned ruler of Bharatpur. It is situated in Deeg, the capital of the Jat kings in 1730 AD. It is surrounded by remarkable gateways, moats, and ramparts. Numerous canons and guns belonging to various rulers can be found in this palace, which is an emblem of Bharatpur's superiority. The fort has an 8-kilometre-long wall as well as a gate guarded by anti-elephant attacks. Even though the inside was nearly ruined, the watchtower stood tall over the city and fort. The largest of the fort's 12 towers is Lakha Burj in the northwest corner. The vast gardens are all well preserved and frequently visited by locals. The fort contains multiple castles such as the Gopal Bhavan, Keshav Bhavan, Kishan Bhavan, Nand Bhavan, Purana Mahal, Sheesh Mahal, and Suraj Bhavan. Government Museum Bharatpur The Government Museum Bharatpur, which is situated in the heart of Lohagarh Fort, exhibits the immense archaeological wealth of the place. It also has sculptures stored since 1994 AD. Manuscripts, paintings, Jat monarchs engaged in combat, and zoological preservatives are also on display. The art exhibition has miniature portraits of Maharaja Bharatpur on peepal leaves, ancient lithograph papers or sheets, mica, stone sculptures, terracotta, coins, weapons, and more. Unique Safari Trek Opportunities, Planning & Reservation for The Keoladeo National Park & Bird Sanctuary There are three unique safari treks offered by the Keoladeo National Park - Bicycle Safari, Rickshaw Safari, and Tonga (Horse Carriage) Safari. Safaris begin at 8 a.m. and last until 5 p.m. Most people are more likely to take the rickshaw safari because it is quieter. Tourists can also rent bicycles. There's also the option of Walking on Foot Safaries, where the tourists are accompanied by a naturalist and can sight birds with their binoculars. During the winter, the park opens at 6:30 a.m. and ends at 5 p.m. The rest of the year it starts at 6 a.m. and ends at 6 p.m. Travel Guide for The Keoladeo National Park & Bird Sanctuary Bring a binocular to get a closer view of the birds from a distance. There is no charge for taking a digital camera inside the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary. Personal vehicles are allowed inside the park, but only up to Shanti Kutir. You must arrive at the main gate about 30 minutes in advance to quickly finish off the entry procedures. Do not disturb the birds within the sanctuary's grounds. Keep a water bottle with you at all times, as the journeys are long. Also take with you a hat, mosquito repellent, and sunscreen lotion. Wear light cotton clothing is vital in the summer. Light woollen garments are required in the winter seasons. Wear comfy shoes because you will be walking around a lot in this bird sanctuary. Do not litter within the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary. Bring binoculars to help you find the birds. Do not pick flowers or trees while exploring the "Ghana" forest of the Keoladeo National Park. Image by: Balaji Srinivasan, Unsplash Best Time To Visit The Keoladeo National Park Summers in Keoladeo National Park are extremely hot, with temperatures ranging from 38 °C to 45 °C from April to June. Temperatures can fall below 10 degrees Celsius during the winter months of October to March. From December to January, the park gets very foggy during both the day time and night time. The rainy seasons happen in July, August, and September. To summarize, the best time to visit Keoladeo Bird Sanctuary is from September to February. From August to October, the park becomes the best breeding ground for the resident birds, and lastly, for sighting migratory birds, the correct time will be from October to February. How To Get To The Keoladeo National Park & Bird Sanctuary The city of Bharatpur is situated in east Rajasthan and is well connected to Delhi, Agra, Gwalior, and other major Indian cities. The Keoladeo National Park is 2 kilometres south of Bharatpur and 55 kilometres west of Agra, the city with the famous Taj Mahal. By Air Agra International Airport is 56 kilometres away from Bharatpur. One can easily get a taxi or cab from the airport to reach the park. By Train Bharatpur railway station is 5 to 6 kilometres from the park. It is well-connected to major cities like Agra, Delhi, and Jaipur. By Road The NH-11 links Bharatpur and Agra (56 km, 5 hours). The other two places where travellers usually drive are Delhi (176 km, 5 hours) and Jaipur (176 km, 6 hours).
- Bandipur Tiger Reserve: A detailed travel guide
Wildlife Image by Rohit Varma, Unsplash Bandipur National Forest or Bandipur Tiger Reserve, one of India's leading national parks to visit for tiger spotting and beautiful scenery, is vibrant all year. Bandipur is among South India's most popular biospheres, established by broadening the Venugopal Wildlife Park, established by the Mysore Maharajas in 1931. Bandipur National Park is among India's most well-known tiger reserves, covering an area of 880 square kilometres. It is part of the 'Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve,' which serves as one of the last remaining safe havens for endangered Asiatic wild elephants, with Nagarhole National Park in the north, and Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary in the south. The park is bounded on the south by the Moyar River and on the north by the Kabini River. The park is bisected by the Nugu River. The park's highest peak is Himavad Gopalaswamy Betta hill. This national park, proudly located on the Mysore-Ooty road, enables you to go to the depth of the jungle and discover the wonderful wild world around you. The park's flora and fauna are diverse and include shrublands, dry deciduous forests, and moist deciduous forests. Bandipur's wider array of ecosystems accommodates a wide range of life forms. The real beauty of the Bandipur reserve forest wilderness is best experienced while riding in a safari jeep. Bandipur National Park's History The kings of the bordering kingdom of Mysore used to hunt in Bandipur National Park. The Maharaja of Mysore established Venugopala Wildlife Park in 1931. It was originally 90 square kilometres, but it was enlarged under Project Tiger in 1973 under the name Bandipur Tiger Reserve, contributing around 800 sq km to Venugopala Wildlife Park. Image by Praveen Kumar, Unsplash Bandipur Tiger Reserve Flora and Fauna There are several biomes in the park, which include humid deciduous forests, dry deciduous forests, and shrublands. The variety of habitats supports a diverse spectrum of animals. Also, it accommodates a wide variety of timber species, such as teak, sandalwood, rosewood, and various bamboo species. There are several other fruiting and flowering shrubs and trees worth mentioning, such as the golden shower tree, the Kadam tree, and the Indian gooseberry. Many endangered species live in Bandipur, including tigers, leopards, muggers, Indian rock, sloth bears, pythons, Indian elephants, gaurs, four-horned antelopes, dholes, and jackals. On public viewing roads, anybody can typically see chital, Indian giant squirrels, grey langurs, and elephants. Bandipur is a sanctuary to more than 200 bird species, one of the most common among them being the peafowl. Indian vultures, Honey buzzards, hoopoes, red-headed vultures, flowerpeckers, Indian rollers, changeable hawk-eagles, brown fish owls, crested serpent eagles, bee-eaters, and numerous kingfishers and ospreys can be seen in winter. The Indian pond terrapin, spectacled cobra, Indian chameleon, Indian rock python, monitor lizards, vipers, rat snakes, muggers, agamids, and flying lizards are among the reptile species. Image by Aditya Shrivastava, Unsplash Activities in the Bandipur National Park The listed below are some of the traveller's favourite Bandipur National Park events. Get ready for the Bandipur safari The Forest Department organizes jeep and bus safari twice a day. Bus safaris usually run for about 45 minutes in the morning until 9:00 a.m. and in the afternoon until 5:30 p.m. Jeep safaris are accessible for the exact length of time. Safari travel timelines and durations are determined by weather conditions and Jeep allocation. Trek the scenic reserve Aside from outings, a stroll through the wilderness will undoubtedly be enjoyable. You could walk through Bandipur Park with the assistance of a Forest ranger. Riverside Investigation The Moyar stream that flows to the east, a branch of the Cauvery, flows past Mudumalai, the southern edge of Bandipur Park, and Wayanad, moving through wood, oak forests, and latex. The Kabini River flows via Bandipur Park on the reserve's northern border. Enjoy the stunning dawn and dusk walks down the banks of the Kabini or mayor streams, which are frequently visited by elephants as well as other small animals during the warmer months. Stay in the Bandipur Tiger Reserve Choosing to stay at one of the Bandipur Resorts seems to be the best way to experience the area's natural beauty and wildlife. Keep in mind that Bandipur was among the locations selected for "Project Tiger," a preservation initiative aimed at saving the endangered Indian tiger. The tiger population in Bandipur has steadily risen over the past decade. Staying within one of the forest lodges provides an excellent opportunity to get up close and personal with the wonderful cat. Being among the finest tourist destinations in India, Bandipur simply happens to have many places to stay that can greet you. You could also stay in Bandipur Wildlife Sanctuary lodge at the Ministry of Karnataka, which provides outings wildlife excursions, and landscape hikes with a guide. In the forest, there is rarely any silence. It's impressive to go to bed every night, soothed by the sounds of night songbirds, insects, and amphibians. Although there are numerous resorts and hotels in the area, nothing beats falling asleep in a cottage perched on a tree to truly appreciate the magnificence of the forest. Numerous resorts provide these amazing tiny cottages with modern amenities, letting you relax and enjoy a serene vacation overshadowed solely by the noises of animals roaming around or birds singing a song. Weather Conditions and the Ideal Time to Visit Bandipur Tiger Reserve Bandipur's climatic condition is pretty standard tropical, with distinct dry and wet seasons. The hot and dry season typically starts in March and lasts until the monsoons arrive in June. Winter is typically the best time to visit Bandipur National reserve, with mild temperatures, a light mist, and a soothing breeze. Summertime March-May Tall magnificent trees offer shelter from the burning rays of the sun, but dry deciduous forests provide little relief from the scorching heat. Monsoon time June-September With the arrival of rain, the forest transforms into a work of art. Wilderness has never been this great, but the roads have become slippery and slushy. Safaris could be cancelled. Winter time November-February During the winter time, Bandipur is foggy and delightful. On a cold winter day, the densely wooded regions around the Biligiriranga Hills appear so endearing. This is unquestionably the most favourable time to visit. Some tips before you travel to Bandipur National Park From Monday to Friday, the park is ready to entertain from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. If you visit during the summer season, it's best to not go in the afternoon. The best time to visit is early morning since you are likely to see a significant number of animals at that hour. A significant proportion of monkeys live in this forest. When travelling, it is recommended that you keep the windows shut to prevent any unsafe monkey behaviour. Maintain your distance and refrain from eating when on safari. The weather is humid and hot nearly the whole year. If you visit between Oct. and Jan., the temperature might very well drop in the evening time or early in the morning. So dress accordingly. You can spend the night in the park with authorization from the forest department. It is illegal to travel through the woods. You could take a jeep or public transportation, like a bus. Every Bandipur safari is 45 minutes long. If you have a newborn, make sure you have adequate water and nutrition. In the end, Because Bandipur National Reserve is amongst the most travelled destinations in India, you should plan ahead of time. This sanctuary also includes an animal care centre where they can get help with their wellness and breeding issues. This facility provides care for injured animals. This reserve offers bird viewing tours as well as wildlife safaris. This park also contains a forest of very well-preserved sandalwood trees. Bandipur National Park is accessible all year and is only shut down in rare circumstances such as heavy flooding or environmental disasters such as wildfires. The best way to reach Bandipur National park Let's look at some travelling instructions to Bandipur National Park. Travelling by Air Take a flight to Bengaluru's Kempegowda International Airport, which manages both domestic and international flights from across all major Indian cities. Then, rent a car from Bangalore airport to Bandipur, which is about 217 kilometres away, or fly directly to Mysore. Travelling by Train The MYS-CMNR Network connects Chamarajanagar to Mysore, Bangalore, and Tirupati railway stations. Nanjangud, about 50 kilometres from Bandipur, has a train station that supports Mysore services. Travelling by Road The stunning route from Mysore to Ooty via Bandipur includes views of streams and hills. You can drive, hire a taxi or take a bus from Mysore to Ooty via Gundlupet, where you'll arrive close to Bandipur Park. Nishika Singh She's a writer by profession and an avid supporter of sustainable living in real time. She's passionate about poetry, yoga and living in the moment. Writing is her sanctuary and she continues to live by it.
- Birds of Jaldapara National Park
Wildlife Image by Mathew Schwartz, Unsplash Madarihat is a beautiful place located at the foothills of the Eastern Himalaya in the Alipurduar District. It is known for its spectacular Jaldapara National Park, which is spread over an area of 217 km² along the Torsa River. The park was declared a sanctuary for the protection of different types of flora and fauna in 1941. Jaldapara National Park in West Bengal is home to the largest population of endangered Indian one-horned rhinoceroses. It is also a Category IV habitat management area. There is an elephant corridor that runs through the adjacent Chilapata Forests between Jaldapara and the Buxa Tiger Reserve. The national park is also a famous birdwatching destination with 240 different species of birds of Jaldapara National Park that can be observed by visitors. The expansive and varied vegetation throughout the park provides a welcoming habitat for a diverse array of bird species. Among these, the two predominant types are woodlanders and water birds. Additionally, Jaldapara National Park serves as a winter refuge for migratory birds escaping harsher climates. The park is also home to several endangered species, making it a critical hub for conservation efforts. The lush, sprawling forests of Jaldapara provide a haven for abundant avian species. Among the treetops, you will find a dazzling array of woodland birds, including the majestic Great Hornbill. With their vibrant plumage and melodic songs, Green Pigeons, Barbets, Parakeets, Woodpeckers, Cuckoos, Orioles, Drongos, Babblers, and Thrushes make their homes among the diverse trees and lush shrubs. Jaldapara is home to countless species of Woodland birds, each one more fascinating than the last. Woodland birds of Jaldapara National Park Cuckoos These birds are brood parasites, meaning they lay their eggs in the nests of other birds. The cuckoo chick then hatches and is raised by the foster parents. Some cuckoos in Jaldapara include the Common Hawk-Cuckoo, the Asian Koel, and the Pied Cuckoo. Grey-bellied Cuckoo, Large Hawk Cuckoo, Common Hawk Cuckoo, Indian Cuckoo. Woodpeckers These birds are known for their long, pointed bills that they use to drill holes in trees. Woodpeckers are insectivores, and they play an important role in forest ecosystems by helping to control insect populations. Some of the woodpeckers in Jaldapara include the Greater Yellownape Woodpecker, the Lesser Golden-backed Woodpecker, and the Rufous Woodpecker. Green Pigeon The plump green pigeons are arboreal frugivores, which means they eat fruit and spend much of their time in trees. India is home to multiple kinds of green pigeons, such as the Imperial Green Pigeon, Wedge-tailed Green Pigeon, and Orange-breasted Green Pigeon. Hornbills Did you know that hornbills are fascinating birds with large, casque-like bills? Unfortunately, the Great Hornbill, one of the largest hornbill species in the world, is currently endangered due to habitat loss and hunting. It's unfortunate to see such a magnificent creature suffer in this way. Barbets These brightly coloured birds are known for their long, wispy beards. They are insectivores, meaning they eat insects. Some barbets found in Jaldapara include the Coppersmith Barbet, the Crimson-breasted Barbet, and the Lineated Barbet. Orioles These brightly coloured birds are known for their beautiful songs. Orioles are frugivores and play an essential role in forest ecosystems by dispersing seeds. Some of the orioles found in Jaldapara include the Black-headed Oriole, the Maroon Oriole, and the Golden Oriole. Drongos These black birds are renowned for their skill in imitating other birds' cries and for their spectacular acrobatic performances. As insectivores, drongos contribute significantly to the ecosystems of forests by assisting in the management of insect populations. In Jaldapara, the Black Drongo is the most prevalent species of Drongo. Babblers Did you know that babblers are social birds that often move around in noisy flocks? These amazing creatures play a vital role in forest ecosystems by controlling insect populations. It's amazing how they help maintain a balance in nature. The Jungle Babbler is the most commonly found in Jaldapara. Thrushes These medium-sized birds are known for their beautiful songs. Thrushes are omnivores, and they eat a variety of fruits, insects, and worms. The Grey-winged Blackbird is a common thrush found in Jaldapara. Water Birds of Jaldapara National Park Water birds, as the name implies, have adapted to live in or near bodies of water. Although there is no strict scientific classification for "water bird," it is a general term encompassing birds with specific traits that help them thrive in aquatic environments. Some common examples of water birds include large and small cormorants, Indian shags, darters, egrets, lesser adjutant storks, pied wagtails, spur-winged lapwings, moorhens, and white-breasted waterhens. During the winter, Brahminy ducks, whistling teals, and goosanders are among the birds that migrate to these areas. Endangered Birds of Jaldapara National Park There is also a range of endangered birds in Jaldapara, birds such as the Bengal Florican, Great Hornbill, Black Partridge, Shaheen Falcon, Forest Eagle-Owl, Large Green-billed Malkoha, and White-rumped Vulture. Most of these birds are on the IUCN Red list, which means they are critically endangered. Too much deforestation and fragmentation is a primary cause of the loss of habitat for these birds. Some of these birds are being hunted for medicine making. The humanization of forests is making these species leave their natural habitat, which causes the mass death of these birds. Necessary steps for the conservation of these birds are being taken by the government by controlling deforestation, hunting poachers, and protecting old forest lands. During winter, Jaldapara is a popular destination for migratory birds seeking refuge from the harsh northern cold. We've put together a list of some of the potential migratory visitors to Jaldapara based on available information and typical migration patterns in the region. Regular winter visitors to Indian wetlands include ducks such as the Bar-headed Goose, regular Teal, and Eurasian Wigeon. Raptors, Long-distance migrations between breeding and wintering areas are a characteristic of some prey birds, such as the Short-toed Snake Eagle. It is important to recognize the significance of places like Jaldapara, which houses diverse birds, animals, flora, and fauna. The survival of our ecosystem is heavily reliant on the protection and conservation of such places. As responsible citizens, we must pledge to preserve these natural treasures so that we can continue to live in a breathtaking world surrounded by the beauty of nature.
- Learn about Indian Rock Python
Wildlife | Reptile Image by Tamara Gore, Unsplash Introduction | Scientific Name | Physical Description | Life Cycle | Characteristics | Diet Introduction of Indian Rock Python The Indian python, a magnificent non-venomous snake species that hails from the Indian subcontinent and certain regions of Southeast Asia, is truly a remarkable creature. The Indian python is a part of the Pythonidae family, which comprises several other species of pythons that are found in various parts of the world. The Indian python holds a significant place in the region's ecology, culture, and biodiversity. Indian pythons are found in a wide range of habitats, including grasslands, swamps, rainforests, and semi-arid regions. It is concerning to note that the Indian rock pythons have been classified as a near-threatened snake species by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Their status highlights the need for increased efforts towards their conservation and protection. They are found in countries including India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and parts of Southeast Asia. Scientific Name of Indian Rock Python The Indian python is scientifically known as Python molurus Physical Description of the Indian Python They are one of the largest snake species in the world, with individuals reaching lengths of up to 20 feet or more. Their body is sturdy and muscular, covered in a pattern of dark blotches on a background of various shades. Indian pythons exhibit a range of colour variations, including shades of yellow, brown, and olive green, with distinct dark blotches. This colouration helps them blend into their natural surroundings. Like all snakes, Indian pythons shed their skin periodically, a process known as ecdysis, to allow for growth and to remove parasites. Newly hatched Indian python hatchlings are weigh around 50 to 100 grams Juveniles Indian python can weigh anywhere from 1 to 5 kilograms during their early stages. Adult Indian pythons can weigh between 20 to 90 kilograms or even more, depending on factors like their sex, diet, and overall health. The life cycle of the Indian Python The life cycle begins when a female Indian python lays a clutch of eggs. The female finds a suitable location, such as a burrow or a concealed spot, to lay her eggs. Clutch sizes can vary, but they generally consist of around 20 to 50 eggs. Indian Python lay eggs in concealed spots like burrows or hollow logs. They coil around the eggs to provide warmth and protection. Indian pythons generate heat through muscular contractions, a behaviour known as "shivering thermogenesis," to maintain the optimal temperature for egg incubation. Once the eggs are ready to hatch, the baby pythons, known as hatchlings, use an egg tooth to create a small hole in the eggshell. They emerge from the eggs, still covered in a remnant of their egg sac, called the egg tooth or caruncle. Hatchlings are quite small, usually around 18 to 24 inches in length. Indian pythons reach sexual maturity at around 3 to 4 years of age As Indian pythons continue to mature, they reach their full size, which can be over 20 feet in length for some individuals. In the wild, Indian pythons can live up to around 20-25 years, while those in captivity may live even longer due to the controlled environment and care provided. Characteristics of the Indian Python Indian pythons are primarily nocturnal creatures, Indian pythons are more active during the night when they hunt for food. Indian pythons are constrictors, using their powerful coils to suffocate and subdue their prey, which includes small to medium-sized mammals like rodents, birds, and sometimes even deer. After immobilizing their prey, they swallow it whole, aided by their flexible jaws and expandable body. Despite their large size, Indian pythons are skilled climbers. They can ascend trees and branches using their muscular bodies, which allows them to access prey, evade predators, and seek shelter. They often derive moisture from the bodies of their prey, which reduces the need for frequent access to water sources. The head of an Indian python is relatively small compared to its body size. It features distinctive heat-sensitive pits on its upper lip, which aid in detecting warm-blooded prey. They communicate through body language, hissing sounds, and various postures to convey threats or establish dominance. Indian pythons play a role as habitat engineers by influencing their environment. Indian python's presence can impact prey populations, which in turn affects vegetation through changes in herbivore grazing patterns. Indian python's movements and activities can also create shelter options for other animals in the ecosystem, such as burrows or hiding spots. Indian pythons are also prey for larger predators, such as large birds of prey, crocodiles, and big cats like tigers and leopards. Their presence in the food web provides a source of sustenance for these predators and contributes to the overall energy flow within the ecosystem. Diet of Indian Rock Python Indian pythons are opportunistic hunters, meaning they might consume prey that becomes available, even if it's not a regular part of their diet. Diet could include animals like rabbits, young deer, small to medium size mammals or even other snakes. After consuming a meal, Indian pythons enter a period of digestion that can last several days or even weeks, depending on the size of the meal. During digestion, their metabolism increases, and they rely on the warmth generated by the digestive process to help break down the food.
- Top Bird Sanctuaries in India
Wildlife A bird sanctuary is an area designated for the protection and conservation of bird species. These protected areas can be wetlands, forests, or coastal areas. The main goal of a bird sanctuary is to provide a safe and healthy environment for birds to live, breed, and migrate. The approach may include protecting and preserving natural habitats, providing food and nesting sites, and monitoring and studying bird populations. Some bird sanctuaries also offer educational programs and opportunities of bird watching. Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary in Rajasthan Mangaljodi in Odisha Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary in Karnataka Thattekad Bird Sanctuary in Kerala Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary in Goa Kaundinya Wildlife Sanctuary in Andhra Pradesh Jim Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand Kutch Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary in Gujarat Kaziranga National Park in Assam Buxa Tiger Reserve in West Bengal Keoladeo National Park - Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary Keoladeo Ghana National Park, or Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Rajasthan. Bharatpur was originally a man-made wetland. In the 19th century, Bharatpur was a waterfowl hunting ground for the Maharaja of Bharatpur. Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary covers an area of 29 square kilometres. Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary is especially known for the diversity of migratory and resident bird species, including the rare Siberian crane. More than 350 species of birds are so far recorded in Keoladeo National Park. It is one of the most vibrant bird-watching sites in the world. Various mammal species are found in Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, including spotted deer, sambar, blackbuck, and nilgai. The park's wetlands, marshes, and grasslands provide important habitats for these animals. Keoladeo National Park is open for visitors from sunrise to sunset and offers a variety of activities such as birdwatching, nature walks, and bicycle tours. Visitors can also take a boat ride on the park's lakes to see the birds and other wildlife. The park is facing challenges due to human activities which include over-pumping of groundwater, encroachment, and pollution, resulting in the decline of water level and loss of habitat for the bird species. Conservation efforts are ongoing to preserve the park's ecosystems and protect its wildlife. Image by Mystery Cat, Unsplash Mangaljodi Birding Area Mangaljodi is a small village in the Khordha district of Odisha. The village is situated on the northern bank of Chilika Lake. Chilika is the largest brackish water lagoon in Asia and stands famous for its rich biodiversity. Mangaljodi is considered a birdwatcher's paradise and especially during winter when large congregations of migratory birds further enrich diversity. The Mangaljodi village is particularly famous for the large flocks of Siberian cranes but due to habitat loss and other factors, the number of cranes visiting the area has decreased significantly over the years. The Mangaljodi has a unique ecosystem consisting of large wetlands, marshes, and grasslands. Visitors can use boat rides on the lake to witness the birds and other wildlife, or go on bird-watching walks along the lake's shore. Mangaljodi is an important ecotourism destination, and the local community has been working to promote eco-tourism in the area by developing bird-watching and nature-based tourism activities. The government has also been taking steps to preserve the wetland ecosystem and protect the bird species that visit the area. Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary The Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary, found in the Mandya region of Karnataka on the banks of the Kaveri River, is home to a large number of migratory and resident bird species across its small 0.67 square kilometre territory. Large populations of painted storks, Asian open-billed storks, and spot-billed pelicans can be seen in the Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary. Cormorants, darters, egrets, herons, and spoonbills are some of the other avian residents of the refuge. Birds and other wildlife near the river can be seen by visitors on boat trips or on walks along the river's edge. Established in 1940, this sanctuary quickly became known as one of the best places in Karnataka to observe avian life. Since migratory birds are present between November and February, the best time to visit the Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary is during the winter months. Overfishing, pollution, and habitat destruction are only a few of the human-caused threats to the birds and their sanctuary. There is a continuous effort to conserve the ecosystems and safeguard the wildlife in the sanctuary. Image by Joshua J Cotten, Unsplash Thattekad Bird Sanctuary The Ernakulam district of Kerala is the location of Thattekad Bird Sanctuary. In total, the sanctuary's 25 square kilometres provide a safe haven for numerous birds. The sanctuary has a wide variety of bird species and is renowned as one of the best places to see birds on the Indian subcontinent. The sanctuary is home to around 300 different bird species, some of which have mostly been spotted there, like the Malabar grey hornbill, the great hornbill, the Indian pitta, and the Nilgiri wood pigeon. The sanctuary is home to a variety of mammals, including the Asian elephant, gaur, and tiger. Thattekad Bird Sanctuary is Kerala's pioneering wildlife preserve, having opened in 1983. Moreover, it is the first bird sanctuary in India to be founded on the basis of habitat. All visitors are welcome at any time of the year, and the sanctuary is a great place to go for bird viewing, hiking, and wildlife photography. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary On the island of Chorao along the Mandovi River in Goa lies the Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary. The sanctuary encompasses around 1,8 square kilometres. The sanctuary is renowned for its abundant birdlife and is regarded as one of Goa's most significant bird habitats. Approximately 150 species of birds, including the black-crowned night heron, the tiny cormorant, the white-breasted kingfisher, and the spot-billed pelican, have been reported in the sanctuary. Visitors may observe birds and other animals by taking boat rides on the river or by walking along the river's bank. Dr. Salim Ali, an eminent Indian naturalist, is commemorated with the establishment of the Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary in 1988. The refuge is accessible throughout the year and provides chances for bird-watching, outdoor hikes, and wildlife photography. Image by Boris Smokrovic, Unsplash Kaundinya Wildlife Sanctuary The Chitradurga district of Karnataka is home to Kaundinya Wildlife Sanctuary. It has a total size of about 874.65 square kilometres and is rich in wildlife and vegetation. The Kaundinya River, a tributary of the Tungabhadra River, passes through the sanctuary and inspired the park's name. Wild dogs, sambar deer, sloth bears, tigers, and leopards are just a few of the animals that call this sanctuary home. The sanctuary is home to several different kinds of birds, such as the Indian peafowl, the crested serpent eagle, and the Malabar pied hornbill. The sanctuary offers guided walks and jeep safaris so visitors may see the animals and birds there. Kaundinya Wildlife Sanctuary, created in 1987, is widely regarded as one of Karnataka's most picturesque nature preserves. Between October and May is the ideal time to visit the refuge. It is possible to stay in one of the private lodges in the area or at the forest department's hotel. Jim Corbett National Park Jim Corbett National Park is situated in the Uttarakhand district of Nainital. Established in 1936 as Hailey National Park, it was later renamed in honour of naturalist and conservationist Jim Corbett. The park encompasses around 520 square kilometres and is home to an abundance of vegetation and species. Tigers, leopards, elephants, and spotted deer are among the park's rich animal population. It is also home to numerous species of birds, including the crested serpent eagle, the red junglefowl, and the great hornbill. The park offers jeep safaris for visitors to observe the wildlife and fauna. Jim Corbett National Park is one of the most visited wildlife locations in India, attracting tens of thousands of tourists each. Between November and June is the best time to visit the park. In close proximity to the park, the forest department's guesthouses and private lodges are also available to visitors. Kutch Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary Gujarat's Kutch district is home to the Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary. It encompasses approximately 45 square kilometres and is home to the Great Indian Bustard, one of the world's rarest and most endangered bird species. The sanctuary is also referred to as the Lala-Parjan Sanctuary, after the surrounding town. The Great Indian Bustard is a huge bird that may reach a maximum height of 1.3 metres and a maximum weight of 15 kilogrammes. It is distinguished by its black and white plumage and inhabits grassland, scrubland, and semi-arid environments. The sanctuary is also home to the smaller florican, the desert lark, and the short-toed eagle, among others. In 1992, the Kutch Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary was established. From November through March is the best time to visit the sanctuary. Moreover, visitors can stay in the forest department's hotel or one of the nearby private lodges. Image by Rohit Varma, Unsplash Kaziranga National Park Kaziranga National Park is a national park located in the Assam districts of Golaghat and Nagaon. It is approximately 430 square kilometres in size and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The park is renowned for its rich wildlife, especially its high populations of elephants and one-horned rhinoceroses. In addition to tigers, leopards, wild water buffalo, and swamp deer, the park is home to a variety of other animals. Almost 450 kinds of birds have been reported in the park, such as the larger adjutant stork, the black-necked stork, the white-bellied heron, and the Bengal florican. The park offers guided walks and jeep safaris for visitors to observe the wildlife and fauna. Established in 1908, Kaziranga National Park is regarded as one of India's most attractive wildlife destinations. The best time to visit the park is between November and April. In close proximity to the park, the forest department's guesthouses and private lodges are also available to visitors. Buxa Tiger Reserve Buxa Tiger Reserve is a protected area in the West Bengal district of Alipurduar. It encompasses around 759 square kilometres and is a component of the Buxa-Jayanti-Raimatang Forest Complex. Tigers, leopards, and elephants are among the reserve's most well-known animals. In addition to the Asiatic black bear, the Indian bison, and the Indian giant squirrel, the reserve is home to a variety of other animals. Almost 300 kinds of birds have been reported in the area, including the black stork, the white-winged wood duck, and the scarlet minivet. At the reserve, visitors can join guided walks and jeep safaris to observe the wildlife and birdlife. Buxa Tiger Reserve was established in 1982 and is regarded as one of West Bengal's most significant wildlife reserves. The best time to visit the reserve is between November and June. In addition to the forest department's guesthouse and nearby private lodges, visitors can also stay at the forest department's guesthouse.
- Tadoba Tiger Reserve National Park Travel Guide
Wildlife Image by Kunal Dand, Unsplash Tadoba Tiger Reserve or Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve (TATR), is a national park located in the Chandrapur district of Maharashtra, India. Approximately, the park covers an area of 625 square kilometres and is the oldest national park in Maharashtra. It is a popular destination for wildlife enthusiasts and nature lovers. The key attraction of Tadoba National Park is its high population of tigers. The park is home to a large number of tigers and is considered one of the best places in India to spot wildlife in their natural habitat. Visitors can do an open gypsy jungle safari to see the tigers and also other wild animals like leopards, sloth bears, and a variety of deer and antelope species. Additionally, the park is known for its large population of Indian gaurs (Bos gaurus) and Dholes. Apart from its mammal population, Tadoba National Park is also known for its scenic beauty, diverse arrays of bird species, and ancient temples. You can also explore the Andhari river, which runs through the park and is home to crocodiles and other aquatic life. Tadoba National Park also offers options for adventure activities like jungle safari, bird watching, nature walks and jeep safari which makes it a perfect destination for adventure lovers and nature enthusiasts. Safari Zones of Tadoba National Park Some of the prominent locations in Tadoba Tiger Reserve Activities in Tadoba National Park How to do Safari in Tadoba National Park Wildlife of Tadoba (TATR) National Park Best Time to Visit Tadoba Tiger Reserve Dos & Don't in Tadoba Tiger Reserve How to Dress in Tadoba Tiger Reserve How to Reach Tadoba National Park Safari Zones of Tadoba National Park Tadoba National Park tourism zone is divided into four safari zones. Visitors can explore the park and spot wildlife by selecting any one of these tourism zones. These Tadoba National Park zones are Moharli Zone, Navegaon Zone, Kolara Zone, Pangadi & Zari Zone. Each zone has its unique characteristics and is full of life. Visitors are allowed to enter only their booked zones and the visiting time and duration are also restricted by the forest department. Moharli Zone of Tadoba National Park Morhurli or Moharli Zone is located in the north-western part of the park and is known for its rich population of Tigers and Dholes. The Morhurli zone is also famous for its beautiful landscape, and it's a perfect spot for nature lovers and wildlife enthusiasts. You should book safari tickets for the Morhurli zone in advance and select a jeep safari or a Canter safari to explore the zone. It is important to note that the number of safari vehicles is limited and regulated in this zone. Core gates of Moharli Zone: Moharli and Khutwanda Buffer gates of Moharli Zone: Devada, Adegao, Agarzari, Junona & Mamla gates. Navegaon Zone of Tadoba National Park Navegaon Zone is another prominent zone in Tadoba National Park. You must take a safari to Tadoba if you want to see its stunning beauty, and you will get everything you want and more there. Core gate of Navegaon Zone: Navegaon Gate Buffer gates of Navegaon Zone: Navegaon Ramdegi & Nimdela gates Kolara Zone of Tadoba National Park Kolara Gate, located about halfway between Navegaon and Moharli, is the second most popular entry gate of Tadoba. Kolara Gate is a beautiful way to get in, and it gives you a unique chance to see wildlife. Core gate of Kolara Zone: Kolara Gate Buffer gates of Kolara Zone: Alizanza, Madnapur, Sirkheda, Kolara Chauradeo, Palasgaon & Belara gates Pangadi & Zari Zone of Tadoba National Park One of the favourite zone of nature enthusiasts and safari lovers. Core gates of Pangadi & Zari Zone: Pangadi gate & Zari gate Buffer gates of Pangadi & Zari Zone: Pangadi Aswal Chuha, Keslaghat & Zari Peth gates Some of the prominent locations in Tadoba Tiger Reserve Tadoba Lake: Tadoba Lake is a man-made lake located inside the reserve. It is a popular spot for wildlife viewing, especially during the dry season when animals congregate around the water sources. Tadoba Temple: Tadoba temple is located on the banks of the Tadoba lake and is dedicated to Lord Shiva. Kolsa Temple: This ancient temple is located in the Kolsa range and is dedicated to Lord Kolsa, a form of Lord Shiva. Andhari River: Andhari river flows through the reserve and is home to a variety of aquatic life, including crocodiles and turtles. Khutwanda Dam: Khutwanda dam is located on the Andhari river and is a popular spot for bird watching. In winter this dam attracts many migratory birds. Activities in Tadoba National Park Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve (TATR) offers a variety of activities for visitors to enjoy, including; Wildlife safari: Visitors can take jeep safaris or canter safaris. Bird watching: Tadoba is very reach in bird population. Every year many birdwatcher visit Tadoba for study these species. Nature walks: Visitors can also take guided nature walks through the reserve, to explore the forest on foot and learn about the local flora and fauna. Temple visit: TATR is also home to several ancient temples and shrines, such as the Tadoba Temple and the Kolsa Temple. Image by Rohit Varma, Unsplash How to do Safari in Tadoba National Park Jeep safaris offer a personal perspective of the wildlife reserve. All the tourism zones are accessible using jeeps. Morning and evening jeep safaris take 3–4 hours. Forest department-operated canter safaris are another way to explore the reserve. Morning and evening canter safaris also last for 3–4 hours. Safari permits are required to visit the tourism zones, and jeep safari slots are limited to prevent overcrowding and safeguard species. Wildlife of Tadoba (TATR) National Park TATR is home to many mammals, birds, reptiles, and insects. The reserve's animals include Tiger, Leopard, Sloth Bear, Dhole, Gaur, Deer, Crocodile, and various types of snakes. TATR is a bird watcher's paradise, with over 195 species of birds recorded in the reserve. The animals' presence and sightings rely on many factors, including time of year, weather, and movement within the reserve. Best Time to Visit Tadoba Tiger Reserve The best time to visit Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve (TATR) largely depends on the type of experience you are looking for and your personal preferences. However, generally speaking, the best time to visit TATR is between October and June. During this time, the weather is pleasant, and the chances of seeing wildlife are higher. October to December: This is the best time to enjoy Nature at its best. However, because of the availability of water across the park and inside inaccessible areas, sightings of animals are lower. This is the best time to visit TATR for bird watching. During this time, many migratory birds visit the reserve, and the forest remains lush green. March to June: Because of the crisis of water inside the park, animals come to various waterholes. This is the best time for Tiger Sightings. Dos & Don't in Tadoba Tiger Reserve Do's: Obtain the necessary permits and comply with the rules and regulations of the reserve. Respect wildlife and keep a safe distance from animals at all times. Follow the designated routes and stick to the designated timing during the safari. Keep the noise level low and avoid using flash photography. Follow the instructions of the guide and the forest department officials. Carry water and wear comfortable clothes and shoes suitable for the jungle. Use binoculars and cameras to observe and photograph wildlife. Don'ts: Do not litter or damage the environment in any way. Do not feed or tease the animals. Do not light fires or smoke in the reserve. Do not enter the reserve without a permit. Do not damage or remove any plants or wildlife from the reserve. Do not take any weapons or firearms into the reserve. Do not try to chase or follow animals. Do not drop any plastic inside the jungle Does not use plastics Image by Saleill Gahane, Unsplash How to Dress in Tadoba Tiger Reserve Hiking and animal viewing in Tadoba require appropriate outdoor clothing. Long-sleeved, breathable, lightweight shirts and pants protect against the sun and mosquitoes. Sunscreen, a hat, and sunglasses are also recommended. Neutral attire helps you blend in with nature, making wildlife easier to identify. As temperatures fluctuate by time and season, comfortable shoes and a lightweight jacket or sweater may be handy. Prepare for cold mornings, especially in winter. How to Reach Tadoba National Park There are several ways to reach TATR, depending on your location and mode of transportation. By Air: The nearest airport to TATR is Nagpur Airport, which is located around 140 km from the reserve. From the airport, you can hire a taxi or take a bus to reach TATR. By Train: The nearest railway station to TATR is Chandrapur Railway Station, which is located around 40 km from the reserve. From the railway station, you can hire a taxi or take a bus to reach TATR. By Bus: TATR is well connected by road and is easily accessible by bus from major cities like Nagpur, Wardha, and Chandrapur. By Car: TATR is also easily accessible by car, and you can drive to the reserve from nearby cities like Nagpur and Chandrapur. It's also important to note that the TATR is located in a remote forest area and the roads are not well-maintained, especially in the monsoon season, so it's recommended to check the road conditions before planning your trip.
- How to Become Wildlife Photographer
Wildlife Image Credit: Anirban Chatterjee Becoming a wildlife photographer can take time, dedication, and a lot of practice. In current days, this genre has gained significant popularity. Particularly, the advance of social media opens up lots of possibilities in front of young photographers. However, earning potential in this field is quite restricted and the cost of gear and travel cost to wildlife sanctuaries are also significantly high. Hence my friendly advice is, please establish yourself financially first before considering this hobby seriously. Here I am trying to list down all the aspects that you should consider to become successful in this domain. Learn the basics of photography Photography is the art of capturing a moment with a camera. The basic elements of photography include aperture, shutter speed, and ISO. Aperture of Camera Aperture refers to the radius of the opening in the lens through which light enters the camera sensor. A larger aperture, i,e. a smaller f-stop number like F2.8, allows more light to enter the camera but also results in a shallower depth of field (only subject in focus). Shutter Speed of Camera Shutter speed is the amount of time that the camera's sensor is exposed to light. A faster shutter speed will freeze motion, while a slower shutter speed will create a motion effect. ISO of Camera ISO indicates the camera's sensitivity to light. A higher ISO will result in a brighter image, but may also result in more noise (or graininess) in the image. Generally, modern cameras are capable to produce a clean image even in lower light and higher ISO settings. Composition is also an important aspect of photography. It refers to how the elements in the image are arranged, and can greatly affect the overall aesthetic of the photograph. In addition to these technical elements, lighting and perspective also play important roles in photography. The way a photograph is lit can greatly affect the mood and atmosphere of the image, while perspective refers to the point of view from which the photograph was taken. Practice, experimentation and learning from critiques are the best ways to improve your photography skills. Image Credit: Jakob Owens, Unsplash Build your wildlife photography gear Building a wildlife photography gear setup can be a significant investment, and the specific gear you'll need will depend on the type of wildlife you plan to photograph and the environments in which you'll be photographing them. However, here are some key pieces of equipment that many wildlife photographers find essential: Camera Body A full-frame camera with a high-resolution sensor is ideal for wildlife photography as it will allow you to capture fine details and provide the flexibility to crop your images. Lens A telephoto lens is a must-have for wildlife photography as it allows you to capture close-up shots of animals from a distance. A lens with a focal length of at least 300mm is recommended. Tripod A sturdy tripod is important for keeping your camera steady when using a long lens or working in low-light conditions. Camera Backpack A good quality backpack will help you to carry all your gear comfortably and protect it from the elements. Other accessories such as camouflage clothing, binoculars, and a headlamp may also be useful depending on the type of wildlife photography you plan to do. Only Practice can improve your photography. The more you practice, the better you will become. Start by taking photos of local wildlife and then gradually move on to more challenging subjects. Image Credit: Anirban Chatterjee Learn about Wildlife Behavior To take great wildlife photos, you need to understand the animals and their habitat. Study the animals' behaviour, their habitat, and the best times of day to photograph them. This knowledge will help you to anticipate their movements and capture them in their natural habitat. Capturing wildlife can be challenging and sometimes dangerous. The more you practice and learn about the animals, the more comfortable you will become getting close to them. However, always maintain a safe distance from wildlife. Inside a protected area you should always follow Rules & Regulations and even outside a wildlife-protected zone you should adhere to the same Rules. Always comply with your guide's instructions inside the protected area. You should become a responsible wildlife enthusiast first become doing anything else Join a Photography Community Joining a photography community is a great way to connect with other photographers and learn new techniques. You can also share your work and get feedback. Building a network of contacts can help get your work published or find clients. Attend photography events, join photography groups, and get to know other photographers and industry professionals. A true photography community always encourage its members to excel in their skill and also act as a motivational factor to keep moving. Build Your Portfolio Building a photography portfolio is an important step in showcasing your work and attracting clients. Here are some helpful idea for building a attractive portfolio. Keep it Simple A clean and simple design will allow your work to stand out. Avoid clutter and keep the focus on your images. Be Consistent Use a consistent design, layout, and style throughout your portfolio to create a cohesive and professional look. Showcase Different Types of Photography Include a variety of images that showcase your skills in different types of photography such as portrait, landscape, and commercial photography. Showcase Your Process Include behind-the-scenes images, sketches or any other material that shows the process of creating the final image. Get Feedback Show your portfolio to other photographers and get feedback on what works and what doesn't. Remember, your portfolio is a representation of you as a photographer and it should be a true reflection of your skills and style. Make sure it showcases your best work and demonstrates your passion and dedication to photography. Keep Learning Photography is an ever-evolving field, and new techniques, gear and technologies are regularly developed. Keep an eye on the latest development and try to incorporate them into your work. Remember, becoming a successful wildlife photographer takes time, dedication and a lot of hard work. But if you're passionate about it and willing to put in the effort, you can create stunning and impactful images that can help to conserve and raise awareness about wildlife. Anirban Chatterjee https://www.instagram.com/photography_with_anirban/ Anirban is a well-known Wildlife Photographer and Nature Enthusiast. His photographs are featured on many national & international platforms.
- How to Select Best Zone for Tiger Safari
Wildlife Image Credit: Anirban Chatterjee Sighting a tiger in the wilderness is the experience of a lifetime. Some people carry this memory, while others venture again and again to capture this beautiful animal in its Natural habitat. Many people who had gone for several safaris but were not able to locate the tiger, or even you also may have suffered the same mental setback. Let me tell you, it's a common experience. Even in the most prominent tiger reserves, people often come back empty-handed. Among many tiger reserves in India, generally, Jim Corbett, Kanha, Bandhavgarh, Ranthambore, Tadoba, Pench & Nagerhola are on the top list of tiger enthusiasts mainly because of higher tiger sightings. Even in these reserves, many people failed to locate this majestic animal. To select the safari zone in the tiger reserve, you can refer to the official website of the respective tiger reserve. On the website, you can find information about the different safari zones available, including the zones open for tourism and their corresponding fees. You can also book your safari online through the websites. You also need to check the availability of the safari zone before your visit, as some zones may be closed at certain times of the year or have limited capacity. Image Credit: Anirban Chatterjee Some of the Key Factors of Tiger Sighting Tiger Population One of the most important factors to consider is the tiger population in the reserve. Some reserves have a higher density of tigers than others, which increases the chances of sightings. Best Time to Visit Tiger Reserve The best time to visit a tiger reserve depends on the reserve. Some reserves have a higher chance of tiger sightings during the dry season, such as Bandhavgarh National Park, and Ranthambore National Park. While others are better during the monsoon season such as Bandipur National Park. Knowledge of Current Status There are many preferred zones in the above tiger reserves, especially for a higher density of tigers and hence higher tiger sightings. However, this possibility is also governed by Nature. What if the main tiger of the zone dies, or some new male tiger enters the zone, hence all the existing tigers are hiding deep? Let me give you two examples, in 2020, just before the covid, I had a trip to Jim Corbet National Park. I booked Brijrani Forest Rest House in December 2019. The sighting was wonderful in December 2019. However, 15 days before our scheduled trip both the tigress in the zone engaged in a fight and dies. I did 7 safaris but didn't able to locate any tigers. In December 2022, I made 6 safari plans in Bandhavgarh (in Tala & Khituli Zone). It was my mistake that I haven't enquired before booking. Since October sighting in the Tala zone was very low but at the same time, sighting in Magadi Zone is very high. As a result, ended up with only one sighting in the Khituli zone. Hence, I strongly recommend you do your research (from local sources and not from the internet) before selecting the safari zone. Secondly, plan your travel well in advance so that you don't have only a few choices of zones. Driver & Guide The process varies between Tiger Reserves. Say at Jim Corbett, you can select your preferred driver, but in Bandhavgarh, generally, you can't have the option to select your driver. From personal experience, I can say, some drivers and guides are very knowledgeable and have the right attitude whereas, for many of them, it's only a job they don't want to do. Considering the earning potential, I can't blame them, but the attitude and knowledge of your guide and driver are imperative to locate tigers. Luck Above all your luck need to favour you during a safari. I am not going into details of this aspect. Patience Jungles are not the circus where tigers will present their appearance as per your time, it's their home, and you need to have respectful towards their behaviour. Let me give you one example, in 2022, in Kanha reserve two gypsies were waiting in the same place. Passengers of one car were impatient and force the driver to leave the spot. Just within minutes of them leaving, we had a very good sighting of a tiger. Interestingly they came back to the same place within 10 minutes, but by that time the show was over. Nowadays, because of the increasing population of Tigers, sightings are also reported in lesser-known parks and buffer areas. During monsoons, most of the buffer zones of all the parks remain open for tourism. Monsoon forest is stunning for Nature lovers and wildlife enthusiasts. A friendly piece of advice, don't go forest for only tigers. In case of no sighting, this expectation will demotivate you. Visit the tiger reserve with an open mind and enjoy every flora and fauna. Consider tiger sighting as a bonus and then only you can enjoy the forest at its best. Image Credit: Anirban Chatterjee Some of the Prominent Tiger Reserves in India Bandhavgarh National Park Located in Madhya Pradesh's Umaria district, Bandhavgarh National Park is one of the prominent national parks in the country. Bandhavgarh, a 105-square-kilometre region, was first designated a national park in 1968 before becoming a tiger reserve in 1993. 716 square kilometres make up the current core area. Tala, Magadhi, and Khitauli are the national park's three core zones. Jim Corbett Nation Park Jim Corbett National Park is situated in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. It is in the Nainital district. It was founded in 1936, making it India's first national park. It was renamed Jim Corbett National Park in 1956. The park, a popular ecological destination, has 488 distinct plant species and a wide range of wildlife. This park is home to around 50 species of mammals, 580 species of birds and 25 reptile species. Ranthambore National Park Ranthambore National Park is situated in Rajasthan, India, covering 1,334 square kilometres. The Chambal River and the Banas River are from northern and southern boundaries, respectively. It derives its name from the famous Ranthambore Fort, which is located within the park. Ranthambore National Park is home to a wide variety of wildlife including the Royal Bengal Tiger, Leopard, Elephant, Gaur, etc. Kanha National Park One of India's largest tiger reserves situated in the Madhya Pradesh state is the Kanha Tiger Reserve. On June 1st, 1955, Kanha National Park was established, and in 1973 it was declared a tiger reserve. It now covers 940 square kilometres of land over the two districts of Mandla and Balaghat. The restoration of barasingha into this national park is an outstanding conservation initiative. A portion of the barasingha will be moved to Satpura Tiger Reserve, while the gaur will be transported to Bandhavgarh from Kanha National Park. Additionally, there is a plan to shift 20 tigers to Satpura Tiger Reserve. Kaziranga National Park Kaziranga National Park is a World Heritage Site and is home to two-thirds of the giant one-horned rhinoceroses in the world. The number of rhinos in Kaziranga National Park is 2,613, according to a census taken in March 2018. According to the most recent census, Kaziranga has 118 tigers and the highest tiger density in the world (1 per 5 km2). It was designated a tiger reserve in 2006. Anirban Chatterjee https://www.instagram.com/photography_with_anirban/ Anirban is a well-known Wildlife Photographer and Nature Enthusiast. His photographs are featured on many national & international platforms.
- Top 10 Romantic Honeymoon Destinations in India
Leisure Are you in search of a romantic getaway in India? Listen, you have not compromised your decision in any way. Indeed, it is a great decision to choose that desi-style romance and spend your honeymoon in India. The honeymoon is a special occasion for newlyweds. Lovebirds look forward to a relaxing time after the wedding hustle-bustle. That moment, that feeling, that vacation deserves special celebration at a special place. Even though you will go on many trips with your partner in the future, it is the first one that sticks out. It is the most precious moment shared by newlyweds. A beautiful experience that a just-married couple experiences with a sense of anticipation. From Kashmir to Kanyakumari, there are so many honeymoon destinations to choose from. Hence, we have shortlisted some best romantic locations to help you narrow your search. Dive in and explore places that sparkle romance around like confetti. The honeymoon is one of the most awaited moments in a couple's life. India is a land of diverse cultures, people, and languages. It is also a melting pot of different religions, food, festivals, and customs. Spending your special moments in unpleasant places will not be a romantic idea. A honeymoon should be an unforgettable experience for newlyweds. Hence, we have picked some romantic locations just for you. The places are full of romance and adventure. India is a diverse country with a lot of natural beauty. It is no surprise that India is one of the top honeymoon destinations in the world. With so many different places and things to explore, you will never get bored on your honeymoon. Have a wonderful time! Jammu and Kashmir Auli Andaman and Nicobar Leh and Ladakh Goa Udaipur Darjeeling Ooty & Coorg Kerala Jaisalmer Jammu and Kashmir Honeymoon Destination Every couple has a different preference, just as every place is different. If the cool breeze and winter weather excites you this place is perfect. Jammu and Kashmir is a popular destinations for couples' honeymoons. It is one of the most picturesque states in India and offers a variety of places for couples to explore. From snow-capped mountains to exotic flower gardens this place will blow your mind. The region offers gorgeous landscapes and a variety of outdoor activities. The most popular tourist attractions in this place are Pahalgam, Shalimar Garden, Srinagar, Gulmarg, etc. The romantic atmosphere of Jammu and Kashmir will make your honeymoon splendid. Image by Aniket Mandish, Unsplash Auli Honeymoon Destination Honeymoon destinations are always at the top of the list for couples looking for a romantic getaway. For some, it is about finding that idyllic spot to spend time with their loved ones. For others, it is about finding that perfect spot to spend time with their loved ones and explore new things together. Auli offers both - It has beautiful natural views and plenty of activities for couples to do together. It offers some of the most picturesque views on earth. You can enjoy a plethora of activities like skiing, snowboarding, mountain biking, paragliding, etc. It also has some beautiful places you can visit with your partner such as Nanda Devi peak, Chattrakund, Auli Artificial Lake, Chenab Lake, etc. The ideal time to visit Auli is during the winter when there is plenty of snow. Winter makes it an ideal destination for ski lovers as well! Andaman and Nicobar Honeymoon Destination Island lovers, this place is just perfect for you! One of the most peaceful honeymoon destinations in India is Andaman and Nicobar. It has several beaches that you can visit on your honeymoon. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands offer a tropical paradise with breathtaking ocean views. This place holds some spectacular beaches, scenery, and food. This place is also known for its corals and marine life, making it an excellent experience for underwater lovers. Havelock Island and Neil Island are two of the most romantic places for honeymooners. These tranquil spots also offer a perfect place to enjoy candlelight dinners. There is no doubt that the islands are well-known for their natural beauty, untouched landscapes, and secluded beaches. If you are looking for a peaceful place, nothing can beat Andaman and Nicobar. Image by Divya Agrawal, Unsplash Leh and Ladakh Honeymoon Destination Leh and Ladakh offer a perfect blend of culture, nature, adventure, and spirituality. Leh is one of the coldest places on earth with temperatures dropping dramatically. Leh and Ladakh has so many romantic experiences for couples. It is among the most popular places for honeymoon destinations in India. Leh and Ladakh, both have a lot of scenic beauty to offer their visitors. They also have a lot of adventure activities for couples to enjoy during their stay. For those looking for a more adventurous experience, Ladakh is the better option. Those who want something more leisurely might prefer Leh. It is a perfect blend of adventure and romance. The air is so relaxing, and the views are breathtaking. Ladakh has some beautiful sights for couples that includes- Nubra Valley, Pangong Tso Lake, Magnetic Hills, and Hemis Monastery. Goa Honeymoon Destination Goa Beaches, stunning views, and lush green vegetation, this is what goa is all about. Whether it is a quiet sunset beach or exploring the colonial Portuguese architecture in Panjim. Goa has got your romantic getaway covered at a budget-friendly price. Goa has beautiful beaches with secluded coves that are ideal for couples. These include Agonda Beach, Palolem Beach, and Patnem Island - all of which create a wonderfully romantic destination for couples. Udaipur Honeymoon Destination Udaipur Celebrate your romantic time at a royal location. The city is known for its royal palaces, stunning gardens, serene lakes, intricately carved temples, and just lots of romance. It boasts many festivals such as Kartik Poornima to celebrate the onset of autumn and Vasanta Panchami to celebrate spring. What’s more? Udaipur gives you a chance to see grandiose palaces. Also, a chance to live with the villagers who have been residing in these areas since time immemorial. The city palace, Sajjangarh Monsoon Palace, and Lake Pichola are fascinating places to explore on your visit. A newlywed couple can enjoy activities like horseback riding, boating, scenic tours, etc. Image by Fardin sk, Unsplash Darjeeling Honeymoon Destination Darjeeling has a natural beauty that can make you fall in love with it. This hill station is known for its exquisite views, lush green tea gardens, and the pristine beauty of the Himalayan ranges. There is no doubt that the town's jewel-like tea gardens are heaven for the tea-lovers out there. Moreover, you can explore its hillside towns and hill stations to see how this enchanting town transcends human history. A honeymoon trip to Darjeeling will make your vacation memorable and full of lifelong memories that can be cherished forever. If you are looking for an appealing destination for a honeymoon in India, Darjeeling is an excellent choice. Image by Madhu Gowda BP, Unsplash Ooty & Coorg Honeymoon Destination A hill station in Tamil Nadu, Ooty is a popular honeymoon destination. Surrounded by misty hills and dense forests, this place has a tranquil and refreshing atmosphere. It has a rich cultural heritage with many old buildings, churches, and temples to visit. While Ooty is spectacular for its lush green forests and tea plantations, Coorg is also a great place to visit for a more serene experience. Lush green forests, misty hills, and the refreshing climate make Ooty one of the most romantic honeymoon destinations. Culture, natural beauty, and rich heritage make it an ideal getaway for newlyweds. Kerala Honeymoon Destination This South Indian state is famous for its palm trees, backwaters, lagoons, and beaches. The state has a lot to offer couples looking for a romantic getaway. The most appealing part about Kerala is that it has something for everyone. In this scenic state, you will find your perfect spot whether you want to stay in the city or explore the natural landscape. Kerala is one of the most popular honeymoon destinations in India. The beaches of Kerala are some of the most popular tourist spots. It has been attracting tourists from all over the world since time immemorial. Some of the famous beaches are: - Varkala Beach - Kovalam Beach - Kappad Beach - Cherai Beach Image by Gaurav Sehara BP, Unsplash Jaisalmer Honeymoon Destination Jaisalmer, the land of kings, is one of the most popular honeymoon destinations. The place is famous for its majestic dunes and architectural marvels. It is a popular tourist destination because of its rich heritage and culture. Jaisalmer has many attractions like Forts, camel safaris, folk music, and much more. The best way to enjoy the city is to stroll through ancient monuments and soak up its rich cultural heritage. The wintertime makes it a pleasant time to explore the desert landscape of Jaisalmer. Would you like to visit this place at a pleasant time? Winter is the most suitable time to visit Jaisalmer as the weather is ideal for sightseeing. Embark on a journey of lifetime memories.
- Learn about Gharial
Wildlife | Reptile Image by Sarangib, Pixabay Introduction | Scientific Name | Physical Description | Life Cycle | Characteristics | Diet Introduction of Gharial Gharials are reptiles closely related to crocodiles and belong to the Gavialidae family. They are a type of Asian crocodilian, including crocodiles, alligators, caimans, etc. They have long, thin snouts, which distinguishes them from other crocodilians. The Gharial population has fallen almost 98% since the 1940s. There are several reasons for the declining Gharial population, majorly hunting and loss of their natural habitats (like forests due to the construction of dams.) Their habitat faces a threat due to the reduction of water levels. The Indian Government has granted complete protection to Gharials under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. They are listed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) red list. The Zoological Society of London has identified Gharials as one of the world's 100 most Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered (EDGE) reptiles. Earlier gharials were found in India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, and Myanmar but now it's mainly found in Nepal & India only. Scientific Name of Gharial Gavialis gangeticus Physical Description of the Gharial Gharials weigh up to 1000 kgs. Male gharials are typically between 16 and 20 feet long, while female gharials grow to 11.5 to 15 feet in length. They are usually light tan or olive-coloured with darker bands along the back and tail. Gharials have sharp and interlocking teeth that line their elongated jaw. Gharials have the maximum number of teeth among other crocodile species, on average they have around 110 teeth. Male gharials experience considerable growth in their snouts. This is called a Ghara, meaning a mud pot in Hindi. The Hindi name gharial is derived from the word Ghara only. The life cycle of the Gharial The average lifespan of this animal in the wild is 40 to 60 years. Gharials are polygamous, with one male defending the territory where he and several females live. Gharials’ mating season usually occurs in December and January. Females deposit an average of 40 eggs in nests during March and April. The average incubation period of eggs is between 60 and 80 days, and the sex of the hatchlings is determined during incubation. Females provide the sole parental care for the hatchlings. Just before hatching the baby gharials start calling their mother from inside the egg, and then their mother digs out and helps them to come out from the mud. Characteristics of the Gharial Gharials are found in clean freshwater rivers, usually at river bends with deep waters. They move out of the water mainly for nesting or bask in the sun. They regulate their body temperatures by basking in the sun, resting under shade, or staying in water to cool down. Gharials have excellent night vision ability. Their snouts, lined with rows of sharp teeth, are well-adapted to capture fish. These animals are timid by nature and avoid any contact with humans. Behaviours like head slapping the water and buzzing vocalisation are displayed when there is a dispute over territory. They often keep open their mouth, it is called gaping, and this is helpful to control their temperature. Diet of Gharial Gharials are carnivorous and primarily eat fish. The gharial hatchlings eat insects, crustaceans, frogs and other available wildlife.
- 6 Simple Ways To Make Your Resort Sustainable
Sustainability Have you ever been to a resort and come home disappointed? Did you find the resort's hospitality to be the most disappointing experience? Or, you have been to a resort and come home with memorable experiences. On returning home, you remember every detail of the trip, from booking the resort to the end of the trip. It captivated your attention and you gave ratings and reviews and recommended others. If you owned a resort, what experience would you like to offer your visitors? Here's some secret tips to make your resort stand out: Bring eco-friendliness to your resort Eco-friendly resorts are more than just environmentally conscious. Offering eco-friendly services allows guests to enjoy nature in a sustainable manner. Sustainable alternatives are not just environmentally responsible; they are profitable as well. Discover how eco-friendliness can enhance the guest experience and make your resort memorable! Here are 6 exceptional ways to make visitors’ experiences mind-blowing. Offer a top-notch booking experience to your visitors How's the idea of contributing a small percentage of your booking fare to the betterment of the environment? When making a reservation, your visitors get a message informing them, "Hey! A teeny-tiny portion of your booking will get utilized for planting a tree." We have kept a small amount from the booking so there is no extra charge. Congratulations on making a small step towards a healthier world. In this way, visitors can positively impact the environment without spending extra bucks. Make sure you are doing it the right way. To spice it up, You could ask your visitors if they would like to plant a tree. Or else, you can do it yourself. In addition to making your visitors feel good, you are also giving them a thought-provoking experience. A unique welcoming experience awaits your beloved visitors People will remember how you made them feel regardless of what you do. Visits to a resort are not limited to a specific age group. Whether they are old, young, or in between, your visitors can come in any form. It is imperative to keep this in mind throughout the entire process. Despite their age, most people are keen observers. Make sure your interiors appeal to your guests who notice things very minutely. Use eco-friendly, elegant materials for everything from furniture to flooring. A bonus piece of advice: Stay rooted. Though things have advanced, staying connected to your tradition offers a different experience. Some people are now looking more towards our ancient traditions. A growing number of people are realizing the importance of sustainable alternatives and putting them into practice. The wisdom of old sayings is becoming more and more apparent even in the modern world. Give them an organic, natural feel Once the visitors feel relaxed, offer them welcome drinks in reusable glasses. You can also offer drinks that are grown and ground locally. Describe how the resort's farm grows organic fruits. Also, let them know how you plan to reuse these glasses and how your water bottling facilities operate. Make sure you use eco-friendly products across the entire resort. All the equipment, from the rooms to the bathrooms, must be environmentally friendly. Remember that you must provide your fellow visitors with a memorable, one-of-a-kind experience. Create a sustainable transportation system If you have a large space, make sure you have good transport arrangements. You can have cycles for adventurous people visiting there. You may be wondering, people come here to relax they won't take an effort to travel by cycle. Alright, you can have alternative options as well. A sustainable option is 100% electric, without CO2 gas transportation. Make your guest’s dining experience eco-friendly Instead of disposable plates, eco-friendly food plates can be used in the cafeteria. You can use reusable and recyclable dishes over and over again. This way, when food gets served, more trees can be saved from being cut down for plates. This is an easy way to cut down on paper and plastic use when serving food. Each time you use a reusable plate, you will reduce waste by approximately 8%. Individuals have a wide range of choices, no doubt. However, a sustainable plate will allow them to feel good about contributing to their health and the environment. Saal leaves and banana leaves are both excellent options. Donate leftover food If you have leftover bread from dinner and offer composting services, think of how many trees you’re saving! Here are some more ways to make it more effective: Rather than throwing away leftover food, resorts can donate it to charity organizations and homeless people. Moreover, you can join hands with some leading food organizations. Ask them if they can collect leftover food at the resort. In a dining hall, you can make separate arrangements for this purpose. Additionally, you can add some powerful words at the dining hall so that people think twice before wasting food. In these ways, resorts can extend their hospitality to society and make it memorable for everyone! Why People will love this eco-friendly concept and remember it throughout their life? With the eco-friendly concept, tourists won't have to worry about their carbon footprints anymore. Additionally, they’ll feel good that their travel choices made a positive impact on the environment and society. You have a lot to offer your visitors. We all know that the world is undergoing a lot of changes. From climate change to deforestation, we are all forced to pave a way for our future. However, we can still make a difference. Making a positive impact on the environment and others is a way we can contribute to this world. Your goal should be to make people happy without harming the environment. To make it environmentally friendly, resorts need to come up with the best practices. In addition, it's important to create experiences that your visitors will talk about for years. Save the environment while enjoying the beauty of nature. Build an Eco-friendly resort! Mitali Jain The world is my oyster when I have my hands on the keyboard and my mind spinning around a topic. A writer from the bottom of my heart, mind, and soul. Besides writing, I enjoy wandering in nature.